Understanding the Complexity of Insecurity in Nigeria
Insecurity in Nigeria, particularly in the North, has become a deeply entrenched issue. Professor Danladi Abok Atu, Director of the APUDI Institute for Peace Studies and Social Rehabilitation (APIS) and former Secretary to the Plateau State Government, highlights that the security threats facing the country are not unique to Africa but are part of global challenges. These include banditry, terrorism, communal conflicts, and kidnapping, which transcend borders and complicate social interactions.
The evolution of criminal activities has made them more complex and violent, necessitating an upgraded strategy for security architecture. Traditional policing methods, which relied on non-kinetic approaches, are no longer sufficient. Today, both criminals and security agencies engage in kinetic responses, emphasizing the need for a citizen-centered security approach.
The Citizen-Centered Security Approach
A citizen-centered security approach involves the active participation of security actors, non-security actors, and entire communities in combating criminality. This model has shown success in certain Nigerian communities that have aligned with security agencies to address complex insecurities. The key is to localize strategies based on the specific environment of each community.
For example, in areas like Shere Hills, where the terrain is hilly, security measures must align with the local context. Community vulnerability assessments, mapping, and intelligence gathering are crucial. Communities can take simple steps, such as clearing forests around roads, to improve security visibility. They also play a vital role in identifying strangers who may pose a threat.
Localizing Solutions for Global Challenges
While terrorism is a cross-border issue, solutions must be localized. Each community needs to develop models suitable for their environment. A common structure can guide the development of about 14 components that can be adapted to any setting. For instance, a riverine area will require different strategies than a hilly region.
Communities must return to adopting a community register to keep track of residents and identify potential threats. When people notice unusual movements or settlements, they should alert security agencies. This proactive approach is essential in addressing security concerns effectively.
Lessons from Neighboring Countries
Some neighboring West African countries have managed to reduce banditry and insurgency through localized approaches. However, what works in one country may not work in another due to differing complexities and environments. Therefore, it is crucial to look within each community’s unique context to develop effective solutions.
Evaluating the Role of Security Agencies
Professor Atu emphasizes that while he cannot assess the performance of security agencies, he believes in a philosophy that has worked elsewhere. This includes holistic approaches that involve all citizens in addressing security threats. The Commander-in-Chief has the necessary intelligence reports to guide decisions aimed at reinvigorating the security architecture.
Addressing International Concerns
Recent designations by international figures, such as President Donald Trump, highlight the severity of insecurity in Nigeria. While the justification for such actions is debatable, the reality of security threats is undeniable. The focus should be on addressing these threats comprehensively, involving everyone in the process.
The Role of State Police and Community Policing
State police must be viewed within the context of community security. Professor Atu advocates for community-based policing, which is driven by the people and focuses on a bottom-up approach. Creating new agencies without considering the broader framework can compound problems. Instead, existing structures should be utilized effectively.
The Importance of Traditional Rulers
Traditional rulers play a central role in community security. They are the custodians of culture and know their communities best. Engaging them and holding them accountable is essential for successful community security initiatives. Unfortunately, many traditional rulers have compromised by collaborating with bandits, highlighting the need for formal mandates and responsibilities.
The Political Elite’s Responsibility
Political elites have been accused of complicity in insecurity. Professor Atu argues that if Nigeria is not safe, even those involved in illegal activities will suffer. The mining sector and gun-running are examples of how insecurity can be exploited for personal gain. It is crucial for all stakeholders to work together to ensure national safety.
The Link Between Mining and Insecurity
Mining in Nigeria is closely tied to insecurity, as some elites create chaos to exploit resources. This destruction diverts attention from the nation’s wealth, benefiting only a few. The solution lies in fostering a secure environment where everyone can thrive.
Conclusion
Addressing insecurity in Nigeria requires a multifaceted approach that involves communities, traditional institutions, and all levels of government. By localizing solutions, engaging citizens, and leveraging existing structures, Nigeria can move towards a safer future.
