The Role of Traditional Postpartum Care in Supporting New Mothers
In many parts of Nigeria, especially among the Igbo people, a traditional post-delivery care system known as “Omugwo” plays a crucial role in helping new mothers recover physically and emotionally. This practice, which involves experienced women offering support to new mothers, has been found to reduce loneliness, promote breastfeeding, and aid faster recovery after childbirth.
For first-time mother Mrs Oyinkansola Esan, the emotional and physical support provided by her pastor’s wife, husband, and later her mother, was essential in preventing her from falling into postpartum depression. After undergoing a caesarean section, she struggled to adjust to her new role as a mother. However, with the help of her family, she was able to rest, sleep, and gradually bond with her baby.
“Without my mum and husband, I would have been totally depressed,” she admitted. “Having someone to care for the baby did not make me feel depressed.”
Nurse Vivian, a midwife from Edo State, explained that “Omugwo” is more than just post-delivery care; it is a sacred bonding period between mother and daughter. In her culture, the mother or mother-in-law typically stays with the new mother for at least three months, providing food, care, and guidance.
Understanding Postpartum Depression
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that affects new mothers, often within the first few weeks after delivery. It can last up to a year if left untreated. Symptoms include irritability, sleep problems, mood changes, thoughts about suicide, and difficulty bonding with the baby.
According to maternal health experts, PPD affects approximately 10 to 19% of women globally, but the rate can rise to as high as 23% in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries. This higher prevalence is linked to factors such as lack of support, financial hardship, and physical exhaustion.
The World Health Organisation highlights the importance of postnatal care, noting that most maternal and infant deaths occur during this critical period. In Nigeria, this care is often provided by experienced family members, including grandmothers, aunts, and older female relatives.
Cultural Variations of Postpartum Care
While “Omugwo” is an Igbo term for traditional postpartum care, different Nigerian tribes have their own names for similar practices. For example:
- In Yoruba, it is called “Olójòjò”, “Ìbójúmò”, or “Ìtoju omo tuntun.”
- In Ibibio, it is referred to as “Kuk uman.”
- In Hausa, it is known as “Wankan Jego.”
- In Nupe, it is called “Ewo Pata” or “Etsuwo.”
These traditions vary in their customs, but they all share the common goal of supporting new mothers through the challenges of early motherhood.
Benefits of Omugwo
For many women, “Omugwo” provides a much-needed break from the demands of caring for a newborn. It allows them to rest, recover, and focus on bonding with their baby. Anuoluwapo Akute, a businesswoman from Oyo State, credits her swift recovery to the care she received from her in-laws and church members.
“My mother-in-law was so caring. She cooked, washed, cleaned, rocked the baby to sleep, and handled everything. That gave me room to heal and bond with my baby,” she said.
Similarly, Mrs Alma Etuk, a digital creator from the Ibibio tribe, described “Kuk uman” as a “beautiful time.” Her mother and mother-in-law took turns caring for her and the baby, allowing her to rest and recover.
Promoting Breastfeeding and Emotional Support
Exclusive breastfeeding is another benefit of “Omugwo.” Adenike Afolabi, an Ibadan resident, said having her relatives stay with her helped her bond with her baby and practice exclusive breastfeeding.
“I was always surrounded by love and laughter, and I never felt lonely,” she said. “It prevented me from having depression because I was always supported.”
Experts like Prof Abubakar Panti, a Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, note that these traditional practices help nursing mothers recover faster and prevent postpartum depression. He explained that rituals such as warm baths, nourishing meals, and herbal soups are believed to restore energy and aid milk production.
Challenges and Considerations
While “Omugwo” offers many benefits, it is not without its challenges. Some new mothers report feeling overwhelmed by the added responsibilities of caring for themselves, the baby, and the visiting relative. Experts advise setting clear boundaries and ensuring that the support received prioritises the mother’s well-being.
Dr Samuel Aladejare, a Consultant Psychiatrist, noted that while “Omugwo” can reduce stress, it can sometimes create tension in homes if boundaries are not respected. He warned that conflicts between the mother and mother-in-law could worsen stress for the new mother.
However, he also highlighted the importance of early identification of symptoms and proper diagnosis. With medication, therapy, and strong social support, mothers can recover fully and bond well with their babies.
Conclusion
Traditional postpartum care systems like “Omugwo” play a vital role in supporting new mothers. They provide emotional, physical, and cultural support, helping women navigate the challenges of early motherhood. As experts continue to highlight the importance of postnatal care, these age-old practices remain a valuable resource for many families.
