The 2025 IUCN World Conservation Congress: A Crucial Debate on Synthetic Biology
The 2025 IUCN World Conservation Congress is currently taking place in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and has already sparked intense discussions among global conservation leaders. This year’s event is anticipated to be one of the most significant in recent history, as it addresses pressing questions about the role of synthetic biology in biodiversity protection.
At the core of the debate are two pivotal motions:
- Motion 087: Outlining IUCN’s policy on synthetic biology in conservation following a two-year inclusive consultation process.
- Motion 133: Calling for caution by advocating a halt or moratorium on genetic interventions in natural ecosystems.
The Congress, which began on October 9th, has brought together representatives from governments, businesses, scientific institutions, and civil society organizations. Their goal is to determine whether synthetic biology should be embraced as a tool to address biodiversity loss or restricted through a moratorium.
Setting the Stage: Global Debates on Synthetic Biology
Synthetic biology, a field that uses advanced genetic techniques to tackle ecological challenges, presents both opportunities and ethical dilemmas. Over the past two years, IUCN has facilitated an extensive consultation process involving these two motions, highlighting the tension between innovation and precaution. The discussions have focused on ethical, ecological, and governance concerns, emphasizing the need for careful consideration before implementing new technologies.
To support the debates at the Congress, a team of eight global experts was assembled to examine governance frameworks, risk assessment practices, and the ethical and societal implications of synthetic biology in conservation. These experts participated in two webinars held on September 8th and 15th, 2025, organized by several IUCN specialist groups and other conservation organizations.
Key Insights from the Webinars
Several experts provided valuable perspectives during the webinars, shedding light on the complexities of synthetic biology:
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Prof. Dorington Ogoyi, a lecturer at the Technical University of Kenya, pointed out the fragmented nature of global governance, noting that no single treaty fully regulates synthetic biology. He emphasized the importance of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in integrating multiple treaties to ensure that innovations are accessible while safeguarding ecosystems.
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Dr. Martin Lehmer, an adjunct professor at the National University of Kiln School of Biotechnology in Argentina, explained how national regulatory systems can manage synthetic biology applications. He stressed that case-by-case risk assessments can evaluate environmental, biodiversity, and human health risks, while also considering socioeconomic impacts.
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Tim Harvey Samuel, a senior scientist at the University of Hawaii, highlighted real-world examples of how genetic interventions can support conservation efforts. He cited a pilot project in Hawaii using gene drives to combat avian malaria threatening native bird species.
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Dr. Patrick Rudelsheim, a general partner at Perseus 3BV, emphasized the importance of clear objectives in monitoring synthetic biology applications. He noted that biological systems cross political boundaries, making regional collaboration essential for responsible use.
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Dr. Willy Tonui, chairman of the African Genetic Biocontrol Consortium, discussed the promise and complexity of synthetic biology across Africa. He pointed out that several countries have begun developing regulations based on international agreements but still face challenges in public engagement and regulatory capacity.
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Dr. Aditi Mankad, an official from Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), explored the ethical dimensions of synthetic biology. She emphasized the importance of transparent communication with communities and noted that public engagement research showed positive responses when benefits were clearly communicated.
A Unified Message: Balance, Caution, and Opportunity
Across both webinars, there was a strong consensus among experts that while the biodiversity crisis demands bold actions, synthetic biology should not replace existing conservation efforts. Instead, it should be seen as a complementary tool that enhances and accelerates biodiversity protection.
Experts emphasized the need for responsible deployment of these technologies, guided by robust risk assessment, continuous monitoring, regional and international coordination, ethical frameworks, and transparent public engagement. They also stressed the importance of policies that are adaptive and informed by science.
Looking Ahead: Congress Decisions to Shape the Future
As the IUCN 2025 Congress continues, the dialogue around synthetic biology is likely to shape global approaches to biodiversity protection for years to come. By October 15th, the final day of the Congress, the world will learn the outcome of the crucial vote on the motions, determining whether synthetic biology can be responsibly deployed in nature conservation.
The decisions made at this Congress will influence global conservation strategies and shape humanity’s relationship with nature for decades to come.
