Political Drama and Economic Struggles in Zimbabwe
This week has been a whirlwind of political drama, both within the Zimbabwean government and the ruling Zanu PF party. The government has attempted to ease public concerns by highlighting the Inga Dam hydro-power plant project, while the ongoing Zanu PF annual conference has revealed the fragility of the party’s leadership structure.
Zimbabwe is currently facing significant economic challenges, with civil servants constantly on edge due to financial instability. To address this, the government has announced a one-time Presidential bonus of US$150 for all civil servants, which will be paid in two equal installments starting in November 2025. This bonus is in addition to the regular annual bonus and salaries, and it carries the name “Special Presidential Bonus,” which adds a layer of political symbolism.
The naming of the bonus is particularly interesting. It creates an illusion that the President is a generous leader who personally funds the relief for struggling workers. However, the reality is that the money is likely drawn from the Office of the President and Cabinet budget, which may have been depleted based on the Mid-Term Fiscal Policy Review. If the budget is indeed exhausted, the funds could come from unallocated reserves or through debt, which raises concerns about the government’s financial management.
Civil servants are the largest segment of the formal workforce, and their potential for a nationwide strike poses a threat to the government. Therefore, the Special Presidential Bonus serves as a safety valve to prevent unrest and maintain stability.
The Inga Dam Project: A Regional Opportunity?
The Cabinet has also discussed the Inga Dam, a major power project in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This project has the potential to generate 40,000 megawatts of electricity, making it the largest hydro-power plant in southern Africa. The DRC is not yet capable of utilizing all this energy, so the surplus would be sold to neighboring countries.
According to the Cabinet, the project involves the development of transmission lines for Inga 3 and the reinforcement of existing interconnectors between the DRC, South Africa, and other regional partners. The plan includes establishing a transmission scheme that traverses through Zambia, Zimbabwe, and/or Botswana to deliver power to South Africa. Transit countries would also have the opportunity to draw power from the scheme.
While this is a promising regional initiative that could drive industrialization and reduce poverty, Zimbabwe’s role appears limited. The country is merely a transit point, with electricity passing through on its way to South Africa. This means Zimbabwe is missing out on potential revenue and economic benefits.
The Kazungula Bridge, which connects Botswana and Zambia, is another example of Zimbabwe being left behind. The bridge has created a shorter and more cost-effective route, leading to revenue losses for Zimbabwe at the Beitbridge border post.
Internal Struggles in Zanu PF
Beyond these external developments, there is growing instability within Zanu PF. For the first time, the party’s politburo addressed allegations of State capture presented by retired General and Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga. In response, Chiwenga was accused of plotting a coup and failing to respect democratic processes. He was even labeled as a candidate for the Herbert Chitepo School of Ideology, a move seen as a low blow.
These accusations highlight the internal tensions within the party. While the response was harsh, it is clear that changes are coming, and they could reshape the political landscape for years to come.
Another critical issue is the subtle manipulation of the Constitution. Zanu PF is reportedly seeking to amend the national Constitution to address its internal problems. This approach mirrors past actions, such as the 2007 constitutional amendments that led to harmonized elections, which allowed Robert Mugabe to remain in power for over a decade.
President Emmerson Mnangagwa appears determined to stay in office until 2030, despite constitutional constraints. This raises questions about his long-term goals and whether he is aiming to entrench a dynasty or consolidate power further. His associates are strategically positioned to either support him or help him maintain control.
A Nation in Transition
These issues are being overshadowed by what appear to be feel-good stories, but they distract from the real challenges facing Zimbabwe. The country is at a crossroads, and the decisions made now will shape its future.
Zimbabweans must look beyond the distractions and confront the pressing issues. Otherwise, the nation risks becoming a mere spectacle rather than a functioning democracy.
Paidamoyo Muzulu is a journalist based in Harare. He writes here in his personal capacity.
